Modeling the influence of basketball game parameters on the final result in Tokyo 2020 / Modelando a influência dos parâmetros do jogo de basquetebol no resultado final em Tóquio 2020

ABSTRACT This study aims to ascertain the significance of the basketball game parameters which discriminated between winning and losing teams in matches played. The study sample comprises matches played at the men's basketball tournament at the XXXII Olympic Games in Tokyo. Four regression models were formed. Due to the size of the sample, the number of explaining variables was reduced using factor analysis, followed by stepwise regression to ascertain the statistical significance of the obtained models summarily, which were then broken down into individual parameters. This study indicates: (1) one of the four set regression models was summarily highly statistically significant; (2) out of the remaining models, two were eliminated due to the presence of multicollinearity, and one model did not exhibit high statistical significance; (3) the final score was most influenced by the variables of two- and three-point shot percentages, number of three-point shots, turnovers, defensive rebounds, and true shooting percentage. The results of the study corroborated the results of other studies which were carried out in recent years, that the game of basketball is trending towards three-point shots and lay-ups, reduction of turnovers when passing, and defensive rebounds have been confirmed to be greatly significant.

RESUMO Este estudo tem como objetivo verificar a significância dos parâmetros do jogo de basquetebol que discriminam entre equipes vencedoras e perdedoras em partidas disputadas. A amostra do estudo compreende partidas disputadas no torneio de basquete masculino dos XXXII Jogos Olímpicos de Tóquio. Quatro modelos de regressão foram formados. Devido ao tamanho da amostra, o número de variáveis explicativas foi reduzido por meio de análise fatorial, seguida de regressão stepwise para verificar sumariamente a significância estatística dos modelos obtidos, que foram então decompostos em parâmetros individuais. Este estudo indica: (1) um dos quatro modelos de regressão definidos foi sumariamente altamente estatisticamente significativo; (2) dos demais modelos, dois foram eliminados devido à presença de multicolinearidade e um modelo não apresentou alta significância estatística; (3) a pontuação final foi mais influenciada pelas variáveis porcentagem de arremessos de dois e três pontos, número de arremessos de três pontos, turnovers, rebotes defensivos e porcentagem de arremessos verdadeiros. Os resultados do estudo corroboraram os resultados de outros estudos que foram realizados nos últimos anos, que o jogo de basquete está tendendo a arremessos de três pontos e bandejas, redução de turnovers ao passar e rebotes defensivos foram confirmados muito significativo.

Profile for body fat percentage of Serbian working population, aged from 18 to 65, measured by multichannel bioimpedance method / Perfil del porcentaje de grasa corporal de la población activa serbia, de 18 a 65 años, medido por el método de bioimpedancia multicanal

SUMMARY: Obesity prevalence and trends of PBF related to age were defined on a sample of 8100 people among whom, 4955 were male (Age = 31.2 ± 10 yr) and 3145 were female (Age = 32.1 ± 11.3 yr). Body structure measurements were performed using a standardized method of multichannel bioimpedance analysis (BIA), using a body structure analyzer - InBody 720. The total sample was divided into two subsamples according to sex, where every subsample was divided into five different age groups.The mean PBF values of the Male total sample were 18.2 ± 8.0 % and the female total sample was 28.3 ± 9.2 %. Results of Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA with Dwass-Steel-Critchlow-Fligner post-hock showed that there are statistically significant differences (p < 0.001) between all age groups among themselves except groups 50 - 60 and 60 - 65 (p = 0.09). Analysis of obesity prevalence according to the PBF indicator in different age groups revealed the existence of statistically significant (p < 0.001) trends of increasing obesity with age, both in men and women. Based on the result of this study, it can be concluded that most of the Serbian working population are in the range of normal PBF values, excluding the male 30-39.9 yr and female 60-65 yr age categories as groups which are more prone to obesity levels.

RESUMEN: La prevalencia de obesidad y las tendencias de PBF relacionadas con la edad se determinaron en una muestra de 8100 personas, de las cuales 4955 eran hombres (Edad = 31,2 ± 10 años) y 3145 eran mujeres (Edad = 32,1 ± 11,3 años). Las mediciones de la estructura corporal se realizaron utilizando un método estandarizado de análisis de bioimpedancia multicanal (BIA), usando un analizador de estructura corporal - InBody 720. La muestra total se dividió en dos submuestras, según el sexo, donde cada muestra se dividió en cinco grupos de edad diferentes. Los valores de PBF de la muestra total masculina fueron 18,2 ± 8,0% y la muestra total femenina fue 28,3 ± 9,2%. Los resultados del ANOVA de Kruskal-Wallis con Dwass-Steel-Critchlow- Fligner post-corvejón mostraron que existían diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p <,001) entre todos los grupos de edad, excepto los grupos 50 - 60 y 60 - 65 (p = 0.09). El análisis de la prevalencia de obesidad según el indicador PBF en diferentes grupos de edad, reveló la existencia de tendencias estadísticamente significativas (p < 0,001) de un aumento de la obesidad con la edad, tanto en los hombres como en las mujeres. Con base en el resultado de este estudio, se puede concluir que la mayoría de la población activa de Serbia se encuentra en el rango de valores normales de PBF, excluyendo las categorías de edad de hombres de 30 a 39,9 años y de mujeres de 60 a 65 años, como los grupos que son más propensos a los niveles de obesidad.

Biological maturity status and motor performance in fourteen-year-old basketball players / Estado de madurez biológica y desempeño motriz en jugadores de baloncesto de catorce años de edad

The aims of this study were to detect biological maturity and certain athletic skills in boys aged 14 participating in competitive basketball, and to compare certain athletic skills of participants according to their biological maturity status. The participants were most talented Serbian basketball players (n= 49) who were divided into three groups according to their maturity status: early (n= 14), average (n= 24) and late maturing (n= 11). Biological maturity status of participants was assessed by technique developed by Mirwald et al. (2002). Nine tests of basic athletic skills: vertical jump, medicine ball throwing, run at 20, 30 and 50 m, agility t-test, zigzag agility drill, agility run 4x15 m, the line drill, as well as four basketball skills field tests (speed spot shooting, passing, control dribble and defensive movement) were applied. The results of this study showed that the three groups of subjects differed in applied variables (p <0.05). Average maturers achieved the best results in almost all variables, while late maturers achieved the worst results. Early maturers achieved the best results only in one variable - medicine ball throwing. Only harmonized chronological and biological age, i.e. chronological and biological growth and development, enable the best demonstration of motor abilities based on morphological characteristics.

Los objetivos fueron detectar la madurez biológica y ciertas habilidades atléticas en los varones mayores de 14 años que participan en el baloncesto competitivo, y compararlas en función de su estado de madurez biológica. La muestra se conformó con jugadores de baloncesto serbios de mayor talento (n= 49) que fueron divididos en tres grupos de acuerdo a su estado de madurez: temprana (n= 14), promedio (n= 24) y tardía (n= 11). El estado de madurez biológica de los participantes se evaluó mediante la técnica desarrollada por Mirwald et al. (2002). Se aplicaron nueve pruebas de habilidades atléticas básicas: salto vertical, lanzamiento de balón medicinal, carrera de 20, 30 y 50 m, prueba t de agilidad, agilidad en zig-zag, carrera en 4x15 m, línea de perforación, así como pruebas de campo de baloncesto de cuatro habilidades (velocidad de disparos punto, de paso, control de regate y movimiento defensivo). Los resultados de este estudio mostraron que los tres grupos de sujetos diferían en variables aplicadas (p <0,05). Los jugadores de maduración media obtuvieron los mejores resultados en casi todas las variables, mientras que los jugadores de maduración tardía alcanzaron los peores resultados. Los jugadores de maduración temprana lograron el mejor resultado en sólo una variable ­ el lanzamiento de balón medicinal. Solamente el desarrollo cronológico armónico y la edad biológica, es decir, el crecimiento y el desarrollo cronológico y biológico, permiten la mejor demostración de las habilidades motoras basadas en características morfológicas.

Speed and agility of 12- and 14-year-old elite male basketball players.

The aims of this study were (a) to identify and compare the speed and agility of 12- and 14-year-old elite male basketball players and (b) to investigate relations between speed and agility for both age groups of basketball players, to help coaches to improve their work. Sixty-four players aged 12 (M = 11.98 years, SD = 0.311) and 54 players aged 14 (M = 14.092 years, SD = 0.275) were tested. Three agility tests: agility t-test, zigzag agility drill, and agility run 4 × 15 m and 3 speed tests: 20-m run, 30-m run, and 50-m run were applied. Fourteen-year-old players achieved significantly better results in all speed and agility tests compared with 12-year-old players. The correlation coefficient (r = 0.81, p = 0.001) showed that 12-year-old players have the same ability in the 30- and 50-m runs. The other correlation coefficient (r = 0.59, p = 0.001) indicated that 20- and 30-m runs had inherently different qualities. The correlation coefficients between agility tests were <0.71, and therefore, each test in this group represents a specific task. In 14-year-old players, the correlation coefficients between the speed test results were <0.71. In contrast, the correlation coefficients between the agility tests were >0.71, which means that all the 3 tests represent the same quality. During the speed training of 12-year-old players, it is advisable to focus on shorter running distances, up to 30 m. During the agility training of the same players, it is useful to apply exercises with various complexities. In speed training of the 14-year-old players, the 30- and 50-m runs should be applied, and agility training should include more specific basketball movements and activities.